Why do your knees hurt you: the reasons for what you do

Knee pain is a widespread symptom, signaling disturbance in the body - the appearance of joint disease or simply increased foot load.

It is difficult to find a person who has never experienced knee pain in a certain period of life.The discomfort, clicks or pain of different intensities in the knee joints occur both in adults and children for many reasons.The older the person becomes, the higher the likelihood of various diseases, the first sign of which is knee pain.This is due to the characteristics of the body's age: slowing metabolic processes, coating of the cartilage tissue of the joints, joining other problems with the muscular -skeletal system, blood vessels, nerves.

Due to the complex anatomical structure, many significant experienced structures and loads, and often overload, knee joints are very vulnerable.Damage to any element of the structure, for example, a synovial bag, leads to a violation of the motor function of the knee and, accordingly, the pain syndrome.Ligaments and meniscus are considered the most affected, they are injured in 80-85% of cases.

The anatomical structure of the knee

The knee consists of a knee joint, a distal end of the femur with two tumors and jackets, a tibi tube bone, muscles, nerves, vessels, ligaments, a patella (knee cup), articular bags and meniscus.

Knee attachment is one of the large joints of the body.The femur bone approaches him from above.The articular surfaces of its (external) and medial (internal) air conditioning are articulated with the patella and tibia.The meniscus, which are connective tissue cartilage, serve as node shock absorbers.Thanks to them, a rational distribution of human weight occurs on a plateau tiger and the durability of the union increases.The delicate muscles, with two heads, half back and other muscles synchronize the capsule-ligamentous structures, providing motor activity of the knee joint.

Knee elements are interconnected by many ligaments.Inside the joint there are two cross -shaped ligaments - the back and front.The hobby bones are associated with fibers and bones tibia with collateral ligaments.The posture of the popliteal ligament is located in the back of the knee joint stock exchange.The main - synovial capsules, not communicating with the joint, is distinguished by a number of articular cavities.Blood supply to knee elements is performed by a noble network of blood vessels, and intrigue is performed by nerve fibers.

Causes of knee pain

There are many causes of knee joint pain, which can be conditionally divided into several groups.

Traumatic knee elements of the knee elements:

1. Knee.As a result of the vascular gap, local hemorrhage occurs in the soft tissue of the joint.Redness, swelling, damage to nerve endings leads to pain, difficulty moving.
2. Rupture of the full or partial ligament.Most often, a partial violation of the integrity of the inner side ligament is diagnosed, which arises from excessive winding of the lower leg.

The external ligament breaks down less than internal.This is due to a strong deviation of the lower inner leg when you turn the foot for example.Cross -shaped ligament breakdown is inevitably associated with hemarthrosis.

A complete rupture of the two ligaments is often combined with damage to the joint bag, tearing the internal meniscus.Such injury leads to excess motility of the knee joint, accompanied by severe pain, whose intensity depends on the rate of gap.

1. Hemarthrosis of the knee joint - shedding blood into the joint cavity.There is a traumatic and non -human nature.Traumatic hemarthrosis is observed with meniscus rupture, complete or incomplete fractures of ligaments, intraarticular fractures, knee area bruises.The non -inhumane option is one of the symptoms of diseases characterized by the brief growth of the blood vessel walls or a violation of the blood coagulation system.These include hemophilia, scurvy, severe forms of hemorrhagic diathesis.Blood that is accumulated in the joint cavity compresses the tissue, disrupting the bloodstream in them.A special pigment - hemosiderin - adversely affects the ligaments, the Hialin cartilage, a synovial bag, leading to the loss of their elasticity.The result of the common bource lesion is the swelling of its villi and the increased production of joint fluid.The result of repeated hemorrhages is dystrophy and destruction of the joint.
2. Knee - Violation of the integrity of the knee joint meniscus.In the lateral form, the outer meniscus is damaged, with medial - internal.This is one of the most common, but difficult to diagnose knee joint damage.In the risk area of the disease are not only athletes involved in intense exercise, but also ordinary people.The meniscus breakdown can come from a sharp unusual movement when you turn the body, turning your leg, a strong knee stroke.
3. Knee cup displacement - Patological displacement of the patella.Trauma is diagnosed in no more than 0.7% of cases of the total number of displacements.Most often there is external displacement, less often - internal, rarely - vertical or rotating.With an incomplete displacement, the knee cup is determined over the (external), complete - externally from the lateral condyle.
4. Closed or open fractures of the knee joint, the upper part of the bone of the lower leg or the lower back. Such injuries are often combined with damage to soft knee tissue, causing massive hemorrhage, excessive mobility in the knee area, its deformity.

Inflammatory and degenerative-chattrophic diseases of articular knee elements:

1. Arthritis - Inflammatory damage to the knee joint.A similar mechanism for the development of pathology is observed with osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout (with the deposition of urates in the joints).
2. Osteoarthrosis (gonarthrosis) With the loss of the knee knot of non -inflammatory nature, affecting all its structures and leading to serious degenerative changes.
3. bursitis With the inflammation of the synovial, the bursa leads to pain during curvature and extent of knee movements.
4. Periartrit tendons of the knee joint - Inflammation of the Putra Pata capsule, knee tendons, as well as muscles and ligaments surrounding the joint.In this case, the pain occurs mainly during descending to the stairs, especially with a severe load, and concentrates on the inner surface of the knee.
5. Patella -ME-independent-non-chic changes in the articular (posterior) articular cartilage of the patella.The rate of destruction can be different: from light softening areas to cracks and complete erosion.

6. Chondromatosis - a serious chronic disease due to the dysplastic process with the degeneration of the island of the articular membrane sections in the cartilage - chondrom.The oscillation of individual cartilage bodies is not excluded.
7. Cyst - Forming a dense elastic formation of round tumor on a popliteal fossa located on the opposite side of the patella.The cyst is clearly visible in the exposed condition of the knee.Causes discomfort, pain in the popliteal region.Of considerable size, it squeezes the blood vessels and nerves, leading to impaired intrigue and blood circulation.
8. Goff disease - a disease, accompanied by further damage and degeneration of adipose tissue located around the knee joint.Pinches, edema and other damage to fat cells - adipocytes - end with their replacement with dense fibrous tissue.As a result, the buffer function of the "fat pad" is interrupted, the adipose tissue itself becomes unable to play the role of shock absorber.
9. Osgud -The best disease - a pathology characterized by killing of the wild part of the tibia.Diagnostic in adolescents from 10 to 18 years of playing sport.A painful lump appears below the patella, in the absence of treatment, leading to leg restriction or complete immobilization, as well as muscle hypotrophy.

Diseases in which the knee pain radiation is possible:

1. Hip coupling coordination - Chronic damage to the hip joint, accompanied by progressive degeneration and dystrophic changes in it.Often the pain spreads down the outer surface of the thigh in the knee or below.
2. Sedular nerve neuropathy - Non -inflammatory damage to the nerve as a result of squeezing compression or spashing of blood vessels.This nerve reaches the legs, starting from the lower back and passing through the tail and pelvis.The blockade at any point for its length leads to damaged sensitivity or pulsating pain.
3. Fibromyalgia - Extraction of non -inflammatory soft tissue loss of nature with a combination of symptoms in the form of arthralgia, muscle weakness, depression, etc.

Some systemic diseases that lead to knee pain:

1. Osteoporosis - Bone system disease of a chronic progressive course, changing the mineral composition and bone density.The "bending" of calcium from the bones leads to their fragility.The process is associated with a painful smoke or pain in the limbs.
2. Tuberculosis bones.Tuberculosis lesion of the bone site leads to persistent severe pain.
3. Osteomyelitis -A disease of an infectious and inflammatory nature, affecting all the structural elements of bone.The result of both specifications, for example, tuberculosis, and non -specific, most often cocal, osteomyelitis is hyperemia of the skin, edema, acute local pain in the bones and muscles, febrile temperature.
4. Some infectious diseases.With Reiter syndrome, in addition to incorporating urogenital tract and eye mucosa, joints are affected.One of the manifestations of Lyme disease is arthralgia.

The types of knee pain

Depending on the etiology, the nature and intensity of the pain may be different.

• Pain.With arthritis, osteoarthrosis.
• Acute, strong.With knee fractures, ligament ruptures, acute growth, knee bruise, deterioration of meniscopathy, deforming osteoarthrosis.
• pulse.With a deformed deforming arthrosis, meniscus damage.
• EXPLORATION.With osteomyelitis.
• Dumb.With chronic, chronic osteochonditis.
• Flammable.With compression of the sciatica, the process of tuberculosis in the bone.
• Firing. When you drink the nerve luggage.
• Pain when walking.With the cyst of a baker, coercion, arthritis, gonarthrosis, periarthride.
• Pain alone. With gout, arthritis.

Diagnosis of pathologies that cause knee pain

Physical examination:

• collecting anamnesis and complaints;
• Visual inspection with knee palpation.

Laboratory research:

• Biochemical and clinical blood tests;
• serological blood test;
• Immunological blood test;
• rheumatological tests;
• Bacteriological analysis of synovial fluid.

Invasive instrumental methods:

• arthroscopy;
• puncture of the common bag;
• Bone biopsy puncture.

Instrumental diagnosis of non -invasive:

• Knee joint radiography;
• densitometry;
• Joint study with ultrasound;
• MRI or CT.

The treatment of knee pain

If the pain in one or both knees of the non -human nature of the show, then you must first address the therapist, which, based on the patient's complaints and the results of an objective examination, will direct a close specialist - an orthopedist, a rheumatologist, a flexologist or a neurologist.In the event of any injury, you should contact a surgeon or an orthopedic trauma.

The treatment in each case is different, depends on the cause of the pain, that is, on the type of damage or illness.Each disease has its treatment regimen.But first, the patient must observe some general rules:

• Significant decrease in the duration of walking and standing during the day;
• Athletes temporarily (before recovery) abandon training, and the common people from running or dancing;
• When you increase the pain, completely abandon the movements, apply a fixed bandage from an elastic bandage to the knee;
• Wear a bandage or a bandage for immobilizing the knee joint;
• With a bruising, cold at the site of traumatic effects.

Rheumatoid, psoriatic arthritis, systemic autoimmune diseases need serious integrated treatment, performed for many months.Basic therapy consists of immunosuppressors, non -inflammatory drugs non -inflammatory and hormonal, gold preparations, etc.

In the treatment of bursitis, painkillers and anti -inflammatory drugs are used.If an infection is detected, then a course of antibiotics.The therapeutic publication of the bag is performed to remove excess fluid from the synovial cavity and/or the introduction of one of their corticosteroids.Surgery helps to get rid of chronic inflammation of the brush - surgical removal of the synovial bag.

With deformity of osteoarthrosis, intra -acular injections of glucocorticosteroids, prolonged intake of NSAIDs and chondroprotectors are effective.To relieve pain syndrome, Dimexid or bischofit compresses, ointments and gel with anti -inflammatory effects are prescribed locally.Massage, physiotherapy, therapeutic gymnastics helps.Severe knee joint lesions require surgical intervention - joint endoprosthetic.

The treatment of osteoporosis consists in the course of taking bisphosphonates, calcitonins, calcium preparations, vitamin D, etc.

Treatment of meniscus rupture can be conservative or surgical.Conservative therapy consists of analgesics, NSAIDs, hyaluronic acid, chondroprotectors.But first, the common repositioning is carried out.

Types of surgical intervention:

• Menicectomy;
• Partial (incomplete) menicectomy;
• Meniscus transplant;
• arthroscopy;
• Arthroscopic sewing of meniscus rupture.

With any knee injury, after treatment, the rehabilitation period, which should be done under the control of a rehabilitologist or orthopedist, is very important.The doctor will compile an optimal joint recovery program.The main methods of post -operative rehabilitation are massage and therapeutic gymnastics.Classes in special simulators are also effective, gradually developing a knee joint.